Pharmaceutical Reviews( Associate Editor) The Central Nervous System (CNS), which includes the brain, is the final major unexplored area in biomedicine. The principles of the brain/CNS are substantially unknown when compared to other organs and systems, such as the heart/circulatory system. The brain is much less understood than other human organs in terms of structure-function correlations and cell-cell communication. Recently, research institutes devoted to the study of the brain have been established, informal networks of scholars such as the European Brain Council have been built, and numerous millions of dollars have been invested in research grants and biotech initiatives, but we are just now beginning to lay the groundwork.

Pharmaceutical Review (Associate Editor) The ecology of diseases changes along with the climate. The evolution of metabolic illnesses changes along with human gastronomy. The resurgence of once-nearly eliminated illnesses reflects changes in human beliefs. Life expectancy also changes as a result of human lifestyle. All told, the spread of subtropical pathogens (like the Dengue virus) into the north, the rise of high-calorie diets as a public health concern in more and more parts of the world, the acceptance of anti-vaccine ideologies that have led to the resurgence of previously controlled diseases like the measles, and the impending threat of cardiovascular diseases to life expectancy are causing the global map of endemic malignancies to change rapidly.

Pharmaceutical Review ( Associate Editor) According to new studies, the risk of stroke might rise by as much as 30% within five days of exposure to air pollution. Within five days of a stroke, researchers examined 110 observational studies from around the globe that tracked when strokes occurred and the levels of common contaminants in the air. The most frequent type of stroke, an ischemic stroke, which is brought on by a blood clot going to the brain, was represented in the meta-analysis by more than 18 million cases, according to NBC. Inhaling small pieces of particulate matter irritates and inflames the lungs. According to Michael Kleinman of the Air Pollution Health Effects Laboratory at the University of California, Irvine, who was not involved in the study, this causes your immune system to go into overdrive and eventually has an impact on the cardiovascular system.
He asserted that “there is a direct connection between what happens in the lung and what happens in the heart.”

Pharmaceutical Reviews (Associate Editor) About 16.2 particles of microplastic could be inhaled by people per hour, which is the same as one credit card over the course of a week. Additionally, these microplastics tiny environmental waste produced by the breakdown of plastic products often include hazardous contaminants and poisons. Understanding how inhaled microplastics move through the respiratory system is crucial for both preventing and treating respiratory disorders since it can lead to major health hazards. To study microplastic transport and deposition in the upper airway, researchers from the University of Technology Sydney, Western Sydney University, Urmia University, Islamic Azad University, the University of Comilla, and Queensland University of Technology created a computational fluid dynamics model.
“Millions of tons of these tiny pieces of plastic have been discovered in the soil, air, and water. The density of microplastics in the air is dramatically rising, and global microplastic output is booming. Microplastics were discovered in human airways for the first time in 2022, raising concerns about serious risks to respiratory health.

Pharmaceutical Reviews (Associate Editor) The Heart Foundation is spreading this message in conjunction with the promotion of My Heart MyLife, a free online peer support community for persons with cardiovascular illness, on Friday, September 29, World Heart Day. Research, according to Healthcare Programs Manager Natalie Raffoul, has shown that patients may experience a sense of loneliness following a diagnosis of heart illness or a heart-related event.” In our own research, most patients expressed a strong desire to feel a sense of belonging to a community that understood their unique journeys,” Ms. Raffoul said. As individuals adjust to a series of abrupt changes in their health, research indicates that persons with cardiovascular disease are more prone to experience anxiety and sadness. Supporting positive mental health is important because it reduces the risk of a second heart attack for people who have this mental health burden.

Pharmaceutical Reviews (Associate Editor) Although the threat posed by antibiotic-resistant germs to human life is real, it takes a long time for new antibiotics to be developed. The solution may lie in a class of tried-and-true medications that have been used to treat cancer for years. The development of a brand-new class of antibiotics is currently underway at Linköping University in Sweden.Numerous medications and therapeutic candidates have demonstrated exceptional efficacy in eliminating germs or malignant cells. They are used extremely rarely or not at all because of the issue that they also injure the patient. They are administered straight into the circulation and distributed throughout the body when used to treat conditions like cancer. However, Linköping University researchers are currently working on a technique to deliver potent molecules in a way that is safer, which they think may create new treatment options for a number of disorders.

Pharmaceutical Review (Associate Editor) In medical research, the issue of how to live a long, healthy life is taking center stage more frequently. Scientists now argue that gaining longevity may depend on consuming the proper foods, developing healthy behaviors, and maintaining social engagement. While centuries ago individuals may have turned to finding mythical immortality-granting things like the Holy Grail, they now say that this may not be the case. You join a “special club” of centenarians when you reach your 100th birthday. Verified Source. Despite the fact that many more people today are able to live to be 100 years old, researchers estimate that the number of centenarians was quite low before 1900.

Pharmaceutical Review (Associate editor) In illnesses referred to as autoimmune diseases, immune systems attack healthy tissues. Immune system checkpoints involving B cells are being studied by researchers as potential novel therapeutic targets. A few studies have also connected vitamin D to autoimmune diseases. The immune system stops antibodies from being created that target and damage the body’s healthy tissues. Autoimmune diseases obstruct this process.The potential of a B cell-based therapy to treat these disorders is now being examined by research teams.Eric Meffre, a professor of rheumatology and immunology at Stanford University in California and a co-author of the study, believes the results offer enormous potential for the treatment of autoimmune diseases.

According to Meffre, who spoke to Medical News Today, “B cells are a type of white blood cell that aids in the defense against infections by producing antibodies, which can recognize foreign molecules and antigens, produced by pathogens, such as bacteria and viruses.” “The body’s cells produce self-antigens, which are certain antigens. This results in the immune system identifying them as foreign invaders, which causes the B cells to attack healthy tissue in an effort to eliminate the antigens, which causes autoimmune disorders. Self-reactive B cells are those that exhibit such behavior.
The central tolerance mechanism of the immune system, which prevents this, involves exposing the B cells to self-antigens while they grow in the bone marrow. “A [DNA-sensing] receptor known as TLR9 is essential for central tolerance.”